Adyen
A single roll-up of ownership and CLOUD Act exposure.
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EU-Sovereign EU/EEA/Switzerland-owned and -operated, with no identified CLOUD Act exposure.
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EU-Based EU-operated, with at most minor or transient US exposure.
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EU-Hosted This listing EU hosting available, but a US parent or hyperscaler sub-processor creates material exposure.
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US-Linked Operated by a US-incorporated entity, directly subject to US jurisdiction.
Dutch publicly-listed payments giant (Euronext Amsterdam), DNB-licensed credit institution + EU/UK/US banking licences; €1.4T processed/yr.
Adyen offers EU hosting in the Netherlands, but a US parent or sub-processor leaves material CLOUD Act exposure. It is listed under Payments.
Assessment notes
Adyen N.V. is an Amsterdam-headquartered Dutch credit institution, publicly listed on Euronext Amsterdam since 2018 (ownership_signal: eu_owned), holding a full De Nederlandsche Bank banking licence + EU + UK + US banking licences, processing €1.4T annually for the world's leading enterprises (29 global offices, 99.999% historical uptime); ownership is broad-public via Euronext Amsterdam (no US-PE controlling stake), the Dutch banking-law regime governs EU customer payment data, and a public DPA (April 2025) plus a named sub-processors list are accessible. The compliance score dropped from 5 to 3 in August 2026: on 1 June 2026 Adyen notified merchants that Amazon Web Services, Google Cloud, Microsoft Azure and Oracle Cloud Infrastructure are added to its sub-processor list with effect from 1 September 2026, so four US-owned hyperscalers enter the processing chain (Adyen states current processing locations do not change and that it will use regional capabilities for data residency). Four US sub-processors takes the rubric to 3/5 and moves cloud_act_exposure from minor to material.
Findings
- CLOUD Act
- CLOUD Act exposure
How exposed customer data is to US authorities under the CLOUD Act (Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act).
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None EU operator, no US parent, no US sub-processors of note.
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Minor A transient US sub-processor (CDN, maps); data at rest stays in the EU.
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Material This listing US parent, or a core sub-processor is a US-owned hyperscaler.
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Direct The operator itself is US-incorporated.
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- Ownership
- Ownership
Where ultimate control over the operating company sits.
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EU-owned This listing EU-incorporated and EU-controlled; no significant US ownership.
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EU HQ, US-funded EU-headquartered but US venture- or PE-controlled.
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EU subsidiary, US parent European operating company owned by a US parent company.
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US-owned The operating company itself is US-headquartered.
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Other A non-EU jurisdiction. Swiss/EEA-owned vendors count as European here; the UK and others do not.
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- Sub-processors
- 15 · 5 US
Verified signals
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EU / adequacy hosting: Yes
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EU / adequacy operator: Yes
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No US CLOUD Act exposure: No
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Public DPA: Yes
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Sub-processors disclosed: Yes
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Open-source clients: No
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Third-party certification: No
Jump to
About Adyen
Adyen is the Amsterdam-headquartered Dutch payments giant operated by Adyen N.V., publicly listed on Euronext Amsterdam since its June 2018 IPO and licensed by De Nederlandsche Bank (DNB) as a credit institution with passporting rights across the EEA, plus separate banking licences in the United Kingdom and the United States. Founded in 2006 by Pieter van der Does and Arnout Schuijff, the company processes more than €1.4 trillion in annual transaction volume across 200+ local payment methods, 150+ currencies, and 80+ countries from 29 global offices, supporting customer-base highlights such as Uber, eBay, Spotify, Microsoft, McDonald's, and H&M. As of April 2026 the market capitalisation stands at approximately €27B with €2.36B revenue in 2025 and 53% EBITDA margins: financial metrics that put it firmly in the strategic-EU-infrastructure tier alongside ASML and SAP.
For an EU-sovereignty audit Adyen's ownership and licensing are among the strongest in the payments category; its processing chain is not. The operating entity is a Dutch credit institution under direct DNB supervision; the public-listing structure on Euronext Amsterdam means ownership is broad institutional plus retail rather than concentrated in any US private-equity or sovereign-fund hands; there is no US-PE acquisition or majority on the cap table. The DPA / privacy statement was refreshed on 4 August 2025 with explicit references to Standard Contractual Clauses for cross-border intragroup transfers (Adyen runs subsidiaries in the US, UK, APAC, and LATAM to support local merchant acquisition, all operating under Dutch parent control). The sub-processor list published on 1 July 2026 names the 11 intragroup Adyen affiliates and, for the first time, four third parties: Amazon Web Services, Google LLC, Microsoft Corporation and Oracle Corporation, all US-incorporated and all listed for cloud infrastructure, storage, compute and networking with effect from 1 September 2026. Adyen states that current processing locations do not change and that it will use regional capabilities to meet local data-residency needs, but the operators are US-incorporated, which is what sets the exposure at Material. The Dutch banking-law regime still governs EU customer payment data with strong primary-jurisdiction Dutch oversight.
Pricing is Interchange++ per-transaction with no monthly, integration, or closure fees: US$0.13 base fee + variable component (e.g. Visa/Mastercard 0.60% + Interchange++ globally, Klarna 4.29% + US$0.30 in US/CA, Alipay 3%). Custom pricing is available for volume customers (the typical Adyen sales motion). Best fit: enterprise and large-mid-market merchants, marketplaces, platforms (Embedded Finance for SaaS), global e-commerce brands needing unified acquiring across continents, and any EU procurement-grade buyer that wants a publicly-listed Dutch credit institution rather than a venture-funded payment startup. Together with Mollie, Adyen is the canonical Dutch fintech anchor, though buyers screening the processing chain rather than the cap table should note that four US-owned hyperscalers join its sub-processor list from September 2026.
Sub-processor map · 15
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Amazon Web Services, Inc. USUnited States
Cloud services: infrastructure, storage, compute and networking (added 2026-07-01, effective 2026-09-01)
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Google LLC USUnited States
Cloud services: infrastructure, storage, compute and networking (added 2026-07-01, effective 2026-09-01)
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Microsoft Corporation USUnited States
Cloud services: infrastructure, storage, compute and networking (added 2026-07-01, effective 2026-09-01)
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Oracle Corporation USUnited States
Cloud services: infrastructure, storage, compute and networking (added 2026-07-01, effective 2026-09-01)
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Adyen Australia Pty Ltd non-USAustralia
Payment services (Australia subsidiary)
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Adyen Canada Ltd. non-USCanada
Payment services (Canada subsidiary)
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Adyen do Brasil Instituição de Pagamento Ltda. non-USBrazil
Payment services (Brazil subsidiary)
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Adyen India Tech Hub Pvt. Ltd. non-USIndia
Technology services (India subsidiary)
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Adyen India Technology Services Pvt. Ltd. non-USIndia
Technology and payment services (India subsidiary)
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Adyen Japan K.K. non-USJapan
Payment operations (Japan subsidiary)
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Adyen MEA FZ-LLC non-USUnited Arab Emirates
Payment processing (Middle East / UAE subsidiary)
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Adyen Mexico SA de CV non-USMexico
Payment processing (Mexico subsidiary)
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Adyen N.V. (San Francisco Branch) USUnited States
Payment operations (US branch of Adyen N.V.)
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Adyen N.V. UK Branch non-USUnited Kingdom
Payment processing operations (intragroup branch of Adyen N.V.)
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Adyen Singapore Pte. Ltd. non-USSingapore
Payment processing (Singapore subsidiary)
| Vendor | Country | Purpose | Owner |
|---|---|---|---|
| Amazon Web Services, Inc. | United States | Cloud services: infrastructure, storage, compute and networking (added 2026-07-01, effective 2026-09-01) | US |
| Google LLC | United States | Cloud services: infrastructure, storage, compute and networking (added 2026-07-01, effective 2026-09-01) | US |
| Microsoft Corporation | United States | Cloud services: infrastructure, storage, compute and networking (added 2026-07-01, effective 2026-09-01) | US |
| Oracle Corporation | United States | Cloud services: infrastructure, storage, compute and networking (added 2026-07-01, effective 2026-09-01) | US |
| Adyen Australia Pty Ltd | Australia | Payment services (Australia subsidiary) | non-US |
| Adyen Canada Ltd. | Canada | Payment services (Canada subsidiary) | non-US |
| Adyen do Brasil Instituição de Pagamento Ltda. | Brazil | Payment services (Brazil subsidiary) | non-US |
| Adyen India Tech Hub Pvt. Ltd. | India | Technology services (India subsidiary) | non-US |
| Adyen India Technology Services Pvt. Ltd. | India | Technology and payment services (India subsidiary) | non-US |
| Adyen Japan K.K. | Japan | Payment operations (Japan subsidiary) | non-US |
| Adyen MEA FZ-LLC | United Arab Emirates | Payment processing (Middle East / UAE subsidiary) | non-US |
| Adyen Mexico SA de CV | Mexico | Payment processing (Mexico subsidiary) | non-US |
| Adyen N.V. (San Francisco Branch) | United States | Payment operations (US branch of Adyen N.V.) | US |
| Adyen N.V. UK Branch | United Kingdom | Payment processing operations (intragroup branch of Adyen N.V.) | non-US |
| Adyen Singapore Pte. Ltd. | Singapore | Payment processing (Singapore subsidiary) | non-US |
Source: the vendor’s published sub-processor list, read 26 Aug 2026.
Frameworks & certifications · none listed
Capability matrix
Table 2Capabilities of Adyen
Integration & access
Compliance & governance
Pricing & tiers
Public documents
Alternatives in this category
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FranceEU-HostedCLOUD Act exposure
How exposed customer data is to US authorities under the CLOUD Act (Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act).
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None EU operator, no US parent, no US sub-processors of note.
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Minor A transient US sub-processor (CDN, maps); data at rest stays in the EU.
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Material This listing US parent, or a core sub-processor is a US-owned hyperscaler.
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Direct The operator itself is US-incorporated.
Public DPA: No Sub-processors: No Open source: No -
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NorwayEU-BasedCLOUD Act exposure
How exposed customer data is to US authorities under the CLOUD Act (Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act).
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None EU operator, no US parent, no US sub-processors of note.
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Minor This listing A transient US sub-processor (CDN, maps); data at rest stays in the EU.
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Material US parent, or a core sub-processor is a US-owned hyperscaler.
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Direct The operator itself is US-incorporated.
Public DPA: Yes Sub-processors: Yes Open source: No -
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United KingdomEU-HostedCLOUD Act exposure
How exposed customer data is to US authorities under the CLOUD Act (Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act).
-
None EU operator, no US parent, no US sub-processors of note.
-
Minor A transient US sub-processor (CDN, maps); data at rest stays in the EU.
-
Material This listing US parent, or a core sub-processor is a US-owned hyperscaler.
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Direct The operator itself is US-incorporated.
Public DPA: No Sub-processors: Yes Open source: No -
| Product | Sovereignty | CLOUD Act | Signals | From |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Alma
France
|
EU-Hosted | CLOUD Act exposure
How exposed customer data is to US authorities under the CLOUD Act (Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act).
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Public DPA: No
Sub-processors: No
Open source: No
|
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Dintero
Norway
|
EU-Based | CLOUD Act exposure
How exposed customer data is to US authorities under the CLOUD Act (Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act).
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Public DPA: Yes
Sub-processors: Yes
Open source: No
|
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GoCardless
United Kingdom
|
EU-Hosted | CLOUD Act exposure
How exposed customer data is to US authorities under the CLOUD Act (Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act).
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Public DPA: No
Sub-processors: Yes
Open source: No
|
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