European VPN Providers
EU and Swiss-based VPN services, framed for buyers who care where their traffic data is handled and under whose law. This hub explains what a VPN does, why jurisdiction matters, and how to read no-logs claims.
European VPN providers are operated by companies incorporated in the EU, EEA, or Switzerland, which sets the legal floor for what they can be compelled to retain or disclose. The key decision criterion is not which provider markets itself most aggressively but which combination of jurisdiction, independently audited no-logs policy, and transparency reporting fits your threat model — not all European VPNs appear on affiliate-driven ranking lists.
European VPN providers are VPN services operated by companies incorporated in the EU/EEA or in Switzerland, often running part of their infrastructure in the same region. This hub covers the category as a whole (what these services are designed to do, the legal context they operate in, and how to compare them) rather than ranking individual products. The filterable matrix below lists the providers themselves, each with its own independently-checked data.
A VPN, in plain terms, is a tool that is intended to encrypt the connection between your device and a server run by the VPN operator, and to present that server's IP address to the wider internet instead of yours. That can change who sees what at the network level. It does not, on its own, change who you are to the services you log into, and it is not a substitute for a broader privacy or security posture.
The reason "European" is a useful filter at all is jurisdictional. A VPN operator necessarily handles the metadata of your traffic, so the laws of the country where it is incorporated set the baseline for what it can be compelled to keep or hand over. Buyers who care about that baseline tend to look at the operating entity's legal home as a starting point, which is what this hub is organised around.
Jurisdiction matters for a VPN in a way it does not for many other tools, because a VPN sits in the path of all the traffic you route through it. The relevant question is not only "what does this provider promise" but "what can this provider be required to do regardless of its promises." Some countries impose mandatory communications-data-retention obligations or broad lawful-access powers; others have narrower regimes. Knowing the operating jurisdiction tells you the legal floor a provider works from.
Within Europe there is no single answer. EU and EEA providers fall under the GDPR and under their own member state's telecom and retention rules, which differ from country to country. Switzerland sits outside the EU with its own data-protection and surveillance framework. Neither environment is automatically stronger; they are simply different, and the right fit depends on the buyer's threat model, compliance obligations and risk tolerance. Treating "EU" and "Swiss" as interchangeable hides a distinction that can matter.
No-logs claims are where marketing and evidence most often diverge. A provider stating that it keeps no logs is making a policy assertion. That assertion is considerably more credible when it is supported by independent technical audits, a published transparency report, or a documented record of legal requests that produced no usable data. When you compare providers, it is worth separating the claim from the evidence offered for it.
One more thing worth knowing when reading VPN coverage generally: some privacy-focused European VPNs decline affiliate and paid-marketing arrangements on principle. Because a large share of "best VPN" content elsewhere is monetised through affiliate links, providers that opt out can be underweighted or missing from those lists entirely. That is a fact about how such lists are funded, not a verdict on the products, and it is one reason this hub describes selection criteria rather than handing out a ranking.
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AirVPN
Italian hacktivist-founded VPN (Perugia, 2010), no-logs, port forwarding — but no longer serves Italian residents (Piracy Shield).
Public DPA Sub-processors Open sourceEU-SOVEREIGN0 sub-procs Open ↗ -
AzireVPN
Swedish privacy VPN (Stockholm, est. 2012) — Blind Operator, RAM-only, audited no-logs — acquired by Malwarebytes (US) 7 Nov 2024.
Public DPA Sub-processors Open sourceEU-HOSTED0 sub-procs Open ↗ -
CyberGhost
Romanian-operated VPN (CyberGhost S.R.L., 2011) under Kape Technologies (UK; ex-Crossrider) → Unikmind/Teddy Sagi (IM) since 2023 — listed as a warning.
Public DPA Sub-processors Open sourceEU-BASED0 sub-procs Open ↗ -
IVPN
Gibraltar-incorporated VPN (IVPN Limited / ex-Privatus, founded 2009), Cure53-audited no-logs, open-source apps, independent ownership.
Public DPA Sub-processors Open sourceEU-BASED0 sub-procs Open ↗ -
Mullvad VPN
Swedish founder-owned VPN (Mullvad VPN AB / Amagicom AB, Gothenburg, 2009), anonymous numbered accounts, Cure53-audited, flat €5/month.
Public DPA Sub-processors Open sourceEU-SOVEREIGN3 sub-procs · 2 US Open ↗ -
NordVPN
Panama-incorporated VPN (NordVPN S.A.) under NL holding Nord Security, LT operations; Deloitte + PwC no-logs audits, RAM-only diskless servers, ISO 27001.
Public DPA Sub-processors Open sourceEU-BASED0 sub-procs Open ↗ -
OVPN
Swedish founder-owned VPN (OVPN Integrität AB, est. 2014), fully owns hardware, diskless RAM-only, court-proven no-logs, legal-fees insurance.
Public DPA Sub-processors Open sourceEU-SOVEREIGN0 sub-procs Open ↗ -
Proton VPN
CERN-founded Swiss VPN (Proton AG, Geneva), owned by non-profit Proton Foundation; 15,000+ servers, audited no-logs, open-source apps, free tier.
Public DPA Sub-processors Open sourceEU-BASEDCH · 7 sub-procs · 4 US Open ↗ -
Surfshark
NL-incorporated VPN (Surfshark B.V., Amsterdam, KvK 81967985) — moved from BVI to NL Oct 2021, merged with Nord Security 2022, RAM-only, Deloitte-audited.
Public DPA Sub-processors Open sourceEU-BASED0 sub-procs Open ↗
| Compare | Sovereignty | Cert. | Pricing | Signals | Open | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Italian hacktivist-founded VPN (Perugia, 2010), no-logs, port forwarding — but no longer serves Italian residents (Piracy Shield).
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—
Italy
|
SOVEREIGNTY
A single roll-up of ownership and CLOUD Act exposure.
|
— |
Paid
€7 /mo
|
Public DPA
Sub-processors
Open source
|
→ | |
|
Swedish privacy VPN (Stockholm, est. 2012) — Blind Operator, RAM-only, audited no-logs — acquired by Malwarebytes (US) 7 Nov 2024.
|
—
Sweden
|
SOVEREIGNTY
A single roll-up of ownership and CLOUD Act exposure.
|
— | Paid |
Public DPA
Sub-processors
Open source
|
→ | |
|
Romanian-operated VPN (CyberGhost S.R.L., 2011) under Kape Technologies (UK; ex-Crossrider) → Unikmind/Teddy Sagi (IM) since 2023 — listed as a warning.
|
BUCHAREST
Romania
|
SOVEREIGNTY
A single roll-up of ownership and CLOUD Act exposure.
|
— |
Paid
€2 /mo
|
Public DPA
Sub-processors
Open source
|
→ | |
|
Gibraltar-incorporated VPN (IVPN Limited / ex-Privatus, founded 2009), Cure53-audited no-logs, open-source apps, independent ownership.
|
—
Gibraltar
|
SOVEREIGNTY
A single roll-up of ownership and CLOUD Act exposure.
|
— |
Paid
€6 /mo
|
Public DPA
Sub-processors
Open source
|
→ | |
|
Swedish founder-owned VPN (Mullvad VPN AB / Amagicom AB, Gothenburg, 2009), anonymous numbered accounts, Cure53-audited, flat €5/month.
|
—
Sweden
|
SOVEREIGNTY
A single roll-up of ownership and CLOUD Act exposure.
|
— |
Paid
€5 /mo
|
Public DPA
Sub-processors
Open source
|
→ | |
|
Panama-incorporated VPN (NordVPN S.A.) under NL holding Nord Security, LT operations; Deloitte + PwC no-logs audits, RAM-only diskless servers, ISO 27001.
|
—
Lithuania
|
SOVEREIGNTY
A single roll-up of ownership and CLOUD Act exposure.
|
ISO/IEC 27001
|
Paid
€4 /mo
|
Public DPA
Sub-processors
Open source
|
→ | |
|
Swedish founder-owned VPN (OVPN Integrität AB, est. 2014), fully owns hardware, diskless RAM-only, court-proven no-logs, legal-fees insurance.
|
—
Sweden
|
SOVEREIGNTY
A single roll-up of ownership and CLOUD Act exposure.
|
— |
Paid
€4 /mo
|
Public DPA
Sub-processors
Open source
|
→ | |
|
CERN-founded Swiss VPN (Proton AG, Geneva), owned by non-profit Proton Foundation; 15,000+ servers, audited no-logs, open-source apps, free tier.
|
GENEVA · CH
Switzerland
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SOVEREIGNTY
A single roll-up of ownership and CLOUD Act exposure.
|
— |
Freemium
€5 /mo
|
Public DPA
Sub-processors
Open source
|
→ | |
|
NL-incorporated VPN (Surfshark B.V., Amsterdam, KvK 81967985) — moved from BVI to NL Oct 2021, merged with Nord Security 2022, RAM-only, Deloitte-audited.
|
—
Netherlands
|
SOVEREIGNTY
A single roll-up of ownership and CLOUD Act exposure.
|
— |
Paid
€3 /mo
|
Public DPA
Sub-processors
Open source
|
→ |
Start with jurisdiction, because it sets constraints you cannot configure around. Identify where the operating company is incorporated and what retention or lawful-access rules apply there, and decide whether that legal environment fits your requirements. If you are choosing on behalf of an organisation, your compliance team may already have a view on acceptable jurisdictions; align with that first.
Then look for evidence behind the privacy claims rather than the claims themselves. Independent audits of the no-logs configuration, a regularly updated transparency report, and a clear, specific privacy policy are the kinds of signals that turn a promise into something checkable. Vague or sweeping language (especially absolute "total anonymity" wording) is a reason to slow down, not speed up.
Match the service to what you actually need it to do. A VPN intended for protecting traffic on untrusted networks, a VPN used to reach region-restricted services, and a VPN deployed as part of a company's remote-access setup are different use cases with different priorities around server locations, protocols, device support and administrative controls. Be honest about your use case before comparing feature lists.
Finally, treat "European" as one input, not the whole decision. The operating jurisdiction is a meaningful signal, but so are audit history, transparency reporting, the clarity of the privacy policy, supported protocols and the provider's track record. Each listing in the matrix below carries its own independently-checked data so you can weigh these factors yourself rather than relying on a single label.
Frequently asked questions
What makes a VPN 'European'?
Does a VPN make me anonymous?
Why does jurisdiction matter for a VPN specifically?
Is an EU VPN the same as a Swiss VPN?
How much weight should I give a 'no-logs' claim?
Why do some European VPNs not appear on 'best VPN' lists elsewhere?
How we verified every listing here.
For each product we read the public DPA, sub-processors document, hosting region declaration, certifications, and corporate ownership records. Each is timestamped. Signals are editorial, re-verified quarterly. We never accept self-attestation.