iCloud Mail
benchmark · US
—
— Not assessed — Not assessed — Not assessed
Swiss end-to-end encrypted email by Proton AG (Geneva); 100M+ users, Foundation-controlled since June 2024.
E2E: Yes
Public DPA: Yes
Sub-processors: Yes
Open source: No
Geneva · CH
Switzerland
Sovereignty
A single roll-up of ownership and CLOUD Act exposure.
EU-Sovereign
EU/EEA/Switzerland-owned and -operated, with no identified CLOUD Act exposure.
EU-Based
This listing
EU-operated, with at most minor or transient US exposure.
EU-Hosted
EU hosting available, but a US parent or hyperscaler sub-processor creates material exposure.
US-Linked
Operated by a US-incorporated entity, directly subject to US jurisdiction.
ISO/IEC 27001
Freemium
€4/mo, annual
CLOUD Act exposure
How exposed customer data is to US authorities under the CLOUD Act (Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act).
None
EU operator, no US parent, no US sub-processors of note.
Minor
This listing
A transient US sub-processor (CDN, maps); data at rest stays in the EU.
Material
US parent, or a core sub-processor is a US-owned hyperscaler.
Direct
The operator itself is US-incorporated.
Hannover-based end-to-end encrypted mail (formerly Tutanota); post-quantum crypto, own servers in ISO 27001 certified German data centres.
E2E: Yes
Public DPA: No
Sub-processors: Yes
Open source: No
Hannover · DE
Germany
Sovereignty
A single roll-up of ownership and CLOUD Act exposure.
EU-Sovereign
This listing
EU/EEA/Switzerland-owned and -operated, with no identified CLOUD Act exposure.
EU-Based
EU-operated, with at most minor or transient US exposure.
EU-Hosted
EU hosting available, but a US parent or hyperscaler sub-processor creates material exposure.
US-Linked
Operated by a US-incorporated entity, directly subject to US jurisdiction.
ISO/IEC 27001
Freemium
€3/mo, annual
CLOUD Act exposure
How exposed customer data is to US authorities under the CLOUD Act (Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act).
None
This listing
EU operator, no US parent, no US sub-processors of note.
Minor
A transient US sub-processor (CDN, maps); data at rest stays in the EU.
Material
US parent, or a core sub-processor is a US-owned hyperscaler.
Direct
The operator itself is US-incorporated.
Berlin-based private email + drive + meet + office bundle (Heinlein Support GmbH); ISO 27001 + BSI C5, €1/mo entry.
E2E: No
Public DPA: Not assessed
Sub-processors: Yes
Open source: No
Berlin · DE
Germany
Sovereignty
A single roll-up of ownership and CLOUD Act exposure.
EU-Sovereign
This listing
EU/EEA/Switzerland-owned and -operated, with no identified CLOUD Act exposure.
EU-Based
EU-operated, with at most minor or transient US exposure.
EU-Hosted
EU hosting available, but a US parent or hyperscaler sub-processor creates material exposure.
US-Linked
Operated by a US-incorporated entity, directly subject to US jurisdiction.
ISO/IEC 27001
BSI C5
Paid
€1/mo
CLOUD Act exposure
How exposed customer data is to US authorities under the CLOUD Act (Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act).
None
This listing
EU operator, no US parent, no US sub-processors of note.
Minor
A transient US sub-processor (CDN, maps); data at rest stays in the EU.
Material
US parent, or a core sub-processor is a US-owned hyperscaler.
Direct
The operator itself is US-incorporated.
Dutch private email (StartMail B.V., est. ~2014, by Startpage founders), NL-hosted, one-click PGP, unlimited aliases, USD-priced from $4.99/mo annual.
E2E: No
Public DPA: No
Sub-processors: Yes
Open source: No
NL
Netherlands
Sovereignty
A single roll-up of ownership and CLOUD Act exposure.
EU-Sovereign
EU/EEA/Switzerland-owned and -operated, with no identified CLOUD Act exposure.
EU-Based
This listing
EU-operated, with at most minor or transient US exposure.
EU-Hosted
EU hosting available, but a US parent or hyperscaler sub-processor creates material exposure.
US-Linked
Operated by a US-incorporated entity, directly subject to US jurisdiction.
—
Paid
€5/mo, annual
CLOUD Act exposure
How exposed customer data is to US authorities under the CLOUD Act (Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act).
None
EU operator, no US parent, no US sub-processors of note.
Minor
This listing
A transient US sub-processor (CDN, maps); data at rest stays in the EU.
Material
US parent, or a core sub-processor is a US-owned hyperscaler.
Direct
The operator itself is US-incorporated.
Swiss email + groupware (Infomaniak Group SA, Geneva, since 1994), own Swiss DCs, ISO 27001 + B Corp 2025, free tier with @ik.me address.
E2E: No
Public DPA: Yes
Sub-processors: No
Open source: No
Geneva · CH
Switzerland
Sovereignty
A single roll-up of ownership and CLOUD Act exposure.
EU-Sovereign
This listing
EU/EEA/Switzerland-owned and -operated, with no identified CLOUD Act exposure.
EU-Based
EU-operated, with at most minor or transient US exposure.
EU-Hosted
EU hosting available, but a US parent or hyperscaler sub-processor creates material exposure.
US-Linked
Operated by a US-incorporated entity, directly subject to US jurisdiction.
ISO/IEC 27001
ISO 9001
+2 more
Freemium
€6/mo
CLOUD Act exposure
How exposed customer data is to US authorities under the CLOUD Act (Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act).
None
This listing
EU operator, no US parent, no US sub-processors of note.
Minor
A transient US sub-processor (CDN, maps); data at rest stays in the EU.
Material
US parent, or a core sub-processor is a US-owned hyperscaler.
Direct
The operator itself is US-incorporated.
Swiss open-source Kolab groupware SaaS (Apheleia IT AG, Bern; Kolab Systems since 2010, Kolab Now since 2013), board incl. FSF Europe founder Georg Greve.
E2E: No
Public DPA: No
Sub-processors: No
Open source: Yes
CH
Switzerland
Sovereignty
A single roll-up of ownership and CLOUD Act exposure.
EU-Sovereign
This listing
EU/EEA/Switzerland-owned and -operated, with no identified CLOUD Act exposure.
EU-Based
EU-operated, with at most minor or transient US exposure.
EU-Hosted
EU hosting available, but a US parent or hyperscaler sub-processor creates material exposure.
US-Linked
Operated by a US-incorporated entity, directly subject to US jurisdiction.
—
Paid
€5/mo
CLOUD Act exposure
How exposed customer data is to US authorities under the CLOUD Act (Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act).
None
This listing
EU operator, no US parent, no US sub-processors of note.
Minor
A transient US sub-processor (CDN, maps); data at rest stays in the EU.
Material
US parent, or a core sub-processor is a US-owned hyperscaler.
Direct
The operator itself is US-incorporated.
French family-owned email since 1998 (Mail Object; founders Voyat & Lenoir, reacquired from Lagardère 2007), French-hosted, Free tier €0 + Premium from €1.50/mo.
E2E: No
Public DPA: No
Sub-processors: No
Open source: No
FR
France
Sovereignty
A single roll-up of ownership and CLOUD Act exposure.
EU-Sovereign
This listing
EU/EEA/Switzerland-owned and -operated, with no identified CLOUD Act exposure.
EU-Based
EU-operated, with at most minor or transient US exposure.
EU-Hosted
EU hosting available, but a US parent or hyperscaler sub-processor creates material exposure.
US-Linked
Operated by a US-incorporated entity, directly subject to US jurisdiction.
—
Freemium
€1.50/mo, annual
CLOUD Act exposure
How exposed customer data is to US authorities under the CLOUD Act (Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act).
None
This listing
EU operator, no US parent, no US sub-processors of note.
Minor
A transient US sub-processor (CDN, maps); data at rest stays in the EU.
Material
US parent, or a core sub-processor is a US-owned hyperscaler.
Direct
The operator itself is US-incorporated.
Norwegian private email since 1999 (Runbox Solutions AS), own NO data centre, 100% renewable hydro, PGP + 2FA + PFS, double carbon-negative.
E2E: No
Public DPA: No
Sub-processors: Yes
Open source: No
Oslo · NO
Norway
Sovereignty
A single roll-up of ownership and CLOUD Act exposure.
EU-Sovereign
This listing
EU/EEA/Switzerland-owned and -operated, with no identified CLOUD Act exposure.
EU-Based
EU-operated, with at most minor or transient US exposure.
EU-Hosted
EU hosting available, but a US parent or hyperscaler sub-processor creates material exposure.
US-Linked
Operated by a US-incorporated entity, directly subject to US jurisdiction.
—
Paid
€2/mo, annual
CLOUD Act exposure
How exposed customer data is to US authorities under the CLOUD Act (Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act).
None
This listing
EU operator, no US parent, no US sub-processors of note.
Minor
A transient US sub-processor (CDN, maps); data at rest stays in the EU.
Material
US parent, or a core sub-processor is a US-owned hyperscaler.
Direct
The operator itself is US-incorporated.
Independent Dutch paid email (from €3.25/mo); ISO 27001 + NIS2 Ready, all data in Netherlands, full IMAP/SMTP/CalDAV/CardDAV compatibility.
E2E: No
Public DPA: No
Sub-processors: No
Open source: No
NL
Netherlands
Sovereignty
A single roll-up of ownership and CLOUD Act exposure.
EU-Sovereign
This listing
EU/EEA/Switzerland-owned and -operated, with no identified CLOUD Act exposure.
EU-Based
EU-operated, with at most minor or transient US exposure.
EU-Hosted
EU hosting available, but a US parent or hyperscaler sub-processor creates material exposure.
US-Linked
Operated by a US-incorporated entity, directly subject to US jurisdiction.
ISO/IEC 27001
Paid
€3/mo, annual
CLOUD Act exposure
How exposed customer data is to US authorities under the CLOUD Act (Clarifying Lawful Overseas Use of Data Act).
None
This listing
EU operator, no US parent, no US sub-processors of note.
Minor
A transient US sub-processor (CDN, maps); data at rest stays in the EU.
Material
US parent, or a core sub-processor is a US-owned hyperscaler.
Direct
The operator itself is US-incorporated.
